The brand new start of eggs putting getting hens is actually impacted by genotype, health muscles reputation and environment criteria. Regional breeds (white eggshell types-Padovana and you can Polverara; shaded eggshell breeds-Pepoi, Ermellinata di Rovigo, Robusta Maculata and you may Robusta Lionata) from the Veneto region, inside North Italy, was reared outside regarding spring (six days of age; 6 WA) so you’re able to autumn and you will cold temperatures. The newest start of laying varied according to breed (22–28 WA): just the shaded eggshell breeds come laying at the conclusion of summer/start of fall, regarding visibility out of a turning down natural photoperiod, and the eggs production survived for almost all days. On 38 WA, artificial light is slowly added to the latest photoperiod discover 14L:10D, and also at 42 WA, all six types was in fact laying. Having hens reared outdoors, affairs certainly ecosystem, looks time and you may health requirements should be considered. The details toward active produce and eggs top-notch new local breed hens are of help toward management of the brand new birds and an adequate supply of eggs, for both market as well as for brooding all year long.

Conceptual

The month of hatching and the rearing management, especially temperature and photoperiod, are important factors for pullets and hens reared outdoors. The yield performance and egg quality of dual-purpose chicken breeds from the Veneto region (Italy), Pepoi (PP), Ermellinata di Rovigo (ER), Robusta Maculata (RM) and Robusta Lionata (RL), with different adult body weights (ABW, kg, PP = 1.3; ER = 2.3, RM and RL = 3.1), were studied, using a factorial model (4 ? 2), considering breed and age (26–33 weeks, first age, summer–autumn, under decreasing natural photoperiod-on average, 12L:12D, and 42–53 weeks, second age, winter, under implemented photoperiod-14L:10D) as the main effects and interaction. The chicks hatched in spring, and they started laying at the end of summer/beginning of autumn. Significant ( p < 0.05)>

step 1. Addition

Throughout the last couples years, interest in twin-mission chicken types might have been growing, for biodiversity and you may ethical concerns. Because of the progress into the genetic improvements to have give abilities into the hybrid hens done-by several breeding businesses throughout the globe , biodiversity is currently one of several trick beliefs of durability to own food and agriculture . The latest moral influence on animal appeal was a further important matter, and therefore takes into account not simply the fresh new rearing conditions of your wild birds but and its government. The new guys from eggs layer hybrids try killed shortly after hatching, because they do not carry out the standard development and you will slaughtering high quality questioned toward markets . Also, crossbreed broilers tell you many bodily issues, that don’t let them possess sufficient better-getting requirements, and 100 % free-range rearing possibilities are growing as they ensure it is chickens to better show its natural behaviour [step 3,4]. Within the Italy, the newest Veneto region have a long culture off chicken reproduction, a few poultry types have been popular for the majority of years, plus in the center of the last century, some twin-purpose purebreds manufactured using light- and you may brown-eggshell breeds . The initial character you to definitely differentiates the new breeds vietnamesisk brud, based on its origin, is the color of the fresh new eggshell, since the chicken genotypes have a separate phylogenetic resource, that have progressed on their own about wild Gallus genus just after domestication, and many body services differ among them. After the class suggested by Ghigi, into the 1905, this new residential poultry types will likely be put into around three teams, according to the morphological, physical and you will useful attributes . There are breeds, being such insane Gallus genus, indicating early progress and you may sexual maturity and you can a premier creation of eggs with light eggshells. On the contrary, you will find types extremely distinct from crazy Gallus , indicating delay progress and you will sexual maturity, reduced egg creation having brown eggshells, and you may, on third category, you can find intermediate types, also known as dual-mission breeds, and this inform you advanced faculties, with increased resemblance into the types belonging to the basic otherwise next group . Indeed, we know that breeds producing eggs having light eggshells features body growth, a beneficial metabolic character and you will physiology significantly more suited to large egg production than brownish eggshell types. This emotional status, really displayed by the light eggshell hybrids [seven,8], reveals that new nutrient consumption is employed for the majority of of the skeletal and you will muscle growth until the start of laying after which useful for egg development, to avoid battle to the ingested nutrition ranging from human body innovation and you can egg creation. Recently, training, considering SNP selection, genotyped of several chicken types and you may hybrids across the globe to test new hereditary variety anywhere between and you will for the populations for the active management of poultry hereditary information [9,10]. Differences in genetic variety in the inhabitants was found between your very chose industrial layer contours and many African, South American and many local Western and you can Eu breeds , and additionally particular Italian types .